Simulation of Indoor Environmental Performance of Dwellings in High-Altitude Cold Regions: A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou
Abstract
This study takes Jiuzhaigou as a case to investigate the influencing factors and optimization strategies for indoor environmental performance of dwellings in high-altitude cold regions. Based on field surveys, five key factors-plan form, living room orientation, window-to-wall ratio, exterior window material, and climate buffer space-were identified and used to build a prototype model. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other simulation tools were employed to analyze the impact of different factors on indoor wind, thermal, and lighting environments, while range normalization quantified each factor’s sensitivity and improvement efficiency. Results show that U-shaped and L-shaped plans with southeast-oriented living rooms significantly enhance winter thermal comfort and ventilation. Controlling window-to-wall ratio within 5%–15% balances daylighting and insulation, and combining low-emissivity (Low-E) glass with south-facing sunrooms as climate buffer spaces notably improves daylighting and passive heating. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that spatial form and orientation are priorities for optimizing wind and thermal environments, while climate buffer space and window-to-wall ratio are key for lighting. The study proposes a “spatial form–climate buffer–high-performance exterior window” layered optimization approach, ultimately providing an optimal scheme for indoor environmental performance in high-altitude cold-region dwellings, and scientific guidance for sustainable improvement of residential comfort in these areas.