Biofilm and Biocomposite Film prepared from Durian Rind and Pineapple Leaf: Synthesis and Characterization
Abstract
In this study, biocomposite films were prepared from cellulose fibers of agricultural residues, durian rind, and pineapple leaf, as an alternative to plastic films. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from durian rind was synthesized to produce a biocomposite film matrix using different chemical compositions. FTIR analysis of the film matrix showed that the degree of carboxymethyl substitution was not significantly affected by changes in the chemical compositions. For the pineapple cellulose, the steam explosion was combined with alkaline treatment followed by acid hydrolysis then subjected to high shear forces to produce cellulose fibers for the reinforcing material. The biocomposite films were prepared by solution casting at reinforcing fiber concentrations between 0-45 wt.%. SEM studies showed that the fibers were well distributed in the CMC matrix up to a concentration of 45 wt.% due to good compatibility between the two phases. Mechanical testing indicated a 40% increase in tensile strength of the biocomposite film containing 30 wt.% fiber due to good adhesive force between the film matrix and the reinforcing fibers. Biodegradation experiments showed that the films broke down completely within 18-24 h, demonstrating the film's potential as an environmentally friendly material. This research aligns with Bio-Circular-Green Economic model promoted by the Thai government.