In recent years, the food industry has developed rapidly, and the accompanying food industry wastewater has become one of the main factors of water pollution. Food industry wastewater has the characteristics of wide source and complex composition. Because it contains a large amount of medium and high concentration organic matter, it is easy to cause certain pollution to the environment. This paper briefly reviews the sources, characteristics and hazards of food industry wastewater, and introduces the treatment technology of food industry wastewater (including physical treatment technology, chemical treatment technology and biological treatment technology), and analyzes the technical characteristics of the current commonly used treatment technology, and enumerates the specific application of these technologies. In addition, the future development of food industry wastewater treatment technology is prospected. Therefore, the food industry wastewater treatment project is of great significance to protect people’s health and ecological environment and achieve sustainable development.