An Overview of Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries Enabled by Carbon and Carbon Composites

Junkai Zhao1,2

Daina Wei1,2

Ce Zhang2,*,Email

Qian Shao3

Vignesh Murugadoss4

Zhanhu Guo5,*,Email

Qinglong Jiang6 

Xiaojing Yang1,*,Email

1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

2 Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing, 100094, China

3 College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

4 Advanced Materials Division, Engineered Multifunctional Composites (EMC) Nanotech LLC, Knoxville, TN, 37934, USA

5 Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

 6 Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR, 71601, USA

Abstract

The merits, such as high specific capacity, less self-discharge and high storage life, make Zinc (Zn)-air batteries promising to serve as energy storage and conversion equipment to effectively solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by the rapid increasing global energy consumption, especially the use of fossil energy. However, the applications and further deployments of the Zn-air batteries depend on costly noble metal as cathodes and are limited by sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics. As one of the competitive alternatives to noble metals, carbon-based materials such as metal/carbon, nonmetal atom/carbon, metal oxide/carbon and metal-metal oxide-heteroatom/carbon materials exhibit the advantages of structural diversity, high porosity, excellent volume conversion efficiency and non-toxicity. With the emphases on structural improvement and composition optimization, this article summarizes the advances in the development of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst based on various carbon contained composites for Zn-air battery cathodes. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives of the research directions on the Zn-air battery with carbon contained composites as catalyst are discussed in detail.