Assessment of Spatial Accessibility to Urban Park Green Spaces in Beijing: A Multi-Scale Analysis and Influencing Factors Exploration
Abstract
Urban Park green spaces are essential for ecosystem services and resident well-being in Beijing, yet rapid urbanization has exacerbated spatial inequities in accessibility. This study proposes a multi-scale spatial equity assessment framework integrating the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) method, Geographic Detector, and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Key findings include: (1) Significant polarization in accessibility, with suburban districts (e.g., Miyun: 40.33) far outperforming central areas (e.g., Xicheng: 0.032); (2) Severe equity imbalance, with only 0.29% of the city achieving “balanced” accessibility, while 8.10%—mainly central districts—are “low-enjoyment high-density” zones, affecting 66.7% of residents; (3) Major influencing factors such as elevation (q=0.0224), relative humidity (q=0.0222), and residential density (q=0.0167) show spatial heterogeneity confirmed by GWR. Policy recommendations include: cost-effective central district renewal via vertical greening and vacant lot conversion (40% coverage increase at 60% lower cost), transit-oriented suburban access through BRT corridors (25% improvement for 4.3 million residents), and zoning restrictions on high-slope terrain (>15°, with 25–40% increased development cost). The study offers a data-driven framework for improving PGS equity in megacities, supporting Beijing’s “livable city” goals, with methodological advances such as the hexagonal grid-based Ga2SFCA.