Achievements in Co-pyrolysis of Oil Sludge with Additives: A Pathway to Enhanced Waste Processing Efficiency
Abstract
Oil sludge, a by-product of the petroleum industry, presents serious environmental and health risks due to its content of benzene cycloalkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other toxic compounds. At the same time, its high crude oil content offers potential for recycling. Thus, selecting an effective treatment method is crucial. Among available options, pyrolysis is notable for its favorable product distribution and low pollutant emissions. This review highlights recent progress in the co-pyrolysis of oil sludge with a diverse range of materials, including biomass, tires, plastics, ash, activated carbon, and steel slag. It explores how additives influence product yield and quality, with particular focus on synergistic interactions. Additionally, the article assesses the impact of additives on adsorption properties of activated carbon, catalytic activity, activation energy, carbon conversion, and heavy metal immobilisation in solid residues.