A Thorough Review of Prospective Technologies for 5G/Beyond 5G Wireless Networks
Abstract
Recently, wireless communication systems have relied on the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) principle to distribute radio resources to users through orthogonal access. However, as the number of users increases, OMA techniques may struggle to meet the demanding requirements of 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) networks, particularly in terms of high spectral efficiency (SE) and user capacity. This survey thoroughly explores the key goals and needs of 5G networks, such as ultra-high data rates, ultra-low latency, massive device connectivity, and energy efficiency. By providing a detailed analysis, the survey outlines the fundamental technologies that enable 5G/B5G networks. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is identified as a promising method to improve SE and support large-scale connectivity without sacrificing system performance. NOMA is also seen as an emerging technology that can enhance system throughput, data rates, and latency in future 5G/B5G networks. Integrating NOMA into cognitive radio networks (CRNs) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, showing that MIMO techniques can greatly improve CRN based NOMA systems. The study also looks at various research challenges related to NOMA, including space division multiple access, rate splitting multiple access, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, physical layer security, unmanned aerial vehicles, and vehicle-to-everything networks, and proposes possible future research directions. Furthermore, applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning for 5G and B5G is also the scope of this survey. In conclusion, this survey provides a foundation for advancing 5G/B5G wireless networks through current technological developments.