Rational Design of Porous Organic Polymers for Cycloaddition between Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides
Abstract
The catalytic cycloaddition between carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides represents one of the most efficient and eco-friendly strategies to advance carbon neutrality in the industrial sector. Recently, porous organic polymers (POPs) have gained prominence as pivotal porous materials extensively utilized for efficient capture and conversion of CO2. To address the multifaceted requirements of CO2 capture, activation, and immobilization, the design of functionally stable and structurally ordered POPs presents a viable and promising substitute to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This review delivers a thorough and in-depth examination of the latest advancements in designing and synthesizing POPs catalysts tailored for converting CO2 into cyclic carbonate. Recent developments in POPs can be categorized into two primary groups according to the catalytic mechanisms: single activation mechanism POPs and multi-activation mechanism POPs. These groups highlight four key types of catalysts: triazine ring-structured catalysts, hydrogen bond donor (HBD)-based catalysts, ionic liquid-modified catalysts, and metal-complex catalysts. Considerable attention has been dedicated to the rational design, pre-synthetic methodologies, and post-synthetic modification strategies of organic polymer monomers. This review seeks to offer an exhaustive perspective that informs the cycloaddition-based conversion for CO2 into cyclic carbonates, driving the innovation and development of diverse POPs with expansive industrial potential.