Implementation Assessment of the Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) for Remote Regions’ Electrification in Indonesia Based on Geographical Potential and Economic Attractiveness
Abstract
Indonesia's energy supply predominantly relies on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to CO₂ emissions and environmental pollution. This study investigates the potential of offshore wind turbines for electrification in Indonesia's remote regions: Papua, Maluku, and Ujung Kulon, focusing on optimization and economic feasibility. The methodology involves utilizing MERRA-2 reanalysis data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to calculate various wind turbines' annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factors. Sensitivity analysis was performed on key turbine parameters such as cut-in speed, cut-off speed, and rated speed to optimize turbine selection. The findings indicate that the suitable turbines for the three locations are turbines with a rated speed of 10-12 m/s with a rated power of 3-5 MW. With the highest average wind speed of 6.94 m/s at 100 m, Papua has the best prospect of producing AEP of 15268.14 MWh for a single turbine with a capacity factor of 39.11%. The calculation of economic potential is also explained in the form of a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) using a scaling model. This research supports Indonesia's commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060 and highlights the potential of offshore wind energy as a sustainable solution for remote region electrification.