Phytochemical Study of Achillea setacea Waldst. et Kit. with Anticholinesterase, Antidiabetic, Anti-Urease, and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities
Abstract
This study delves into the phytochemical composition and various bioactivities of A setacea Waldst. et Kit, a wild species indigenous to the Ortau Mountain in the Karaganda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Utilizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction method, we evaluated the extraction efficiency through phytochemical analysis. Phenolic compounds in the extract were identified and quantified via HPLC-DAD.The major phenolic compounds detected in the methanol extracts of Ach. setacea were chlorogenic acids, coumarins, ellagic acids and apigenin in flowers (17.48, 13.84, 7.87 and 55.47 µg/g, respectively), aerial parts (73.41, 18.20 and 10.25, 3.76 µg/g, respectively) and roots (14.79, 9.95 and 4.02 µg/g, respectively). In comparison with the underground portion of the plant extracts, flowers and aerial part exhibited higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents. For instance, chlorogenic acid, coumarin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin, and ellagic acid show higher amount in the flower and the aerial part of the plant compared to the underground part. Furthermore, we found that hexane-based root extracts demonstrated superior cholinesterase and diabetic inhibitory activities compared to methanol extracts. On the contrary, methanol extracts exhibited higher uretic and tyrosinase inhibitory activities compared to those obtained from hexane extract.