Investigation of Possible Negative Consequences of Environmental Pollution by Phosphorite Production Wastes
Abstract
The rapid expansion of phosphorus production has emerged as a critical environmental issue, disrupting the balance between industrial growth and ecological stability. Kazakhstan, as a leading phosphorus producer, faces significant challenges due to the environmental impact of activities in the Karatau phosphate basin. This study evaluates the environmental consequences of Kazphosphate LLP's operations in Karatau, focusing on air quality, surface water pollution, heavy metal contamination in soil, and the formation of young soils at industrial waste sites. Key findings include elevated zinc levels in soil samples, exceeding the maximum permissible concentration by up to 12 times, and low concentrations of copper. The air quality in Karatau showed low pollution levels, with hydrogen sulphide (H2S) at acceptable limits (SI = 0.9). The water bodies, particularly the Talas and Assy rivers, exhibited moderate pollution, with magnesium and sulfates as primary contaminants. Soil analysis highlighted the slow progression of natural recovery, with higher humus and mobile phosphorus content in the upper layers, but deficiencies in nitrogen and exchangeable potassium. This research underscores the urgent need for sustainable waste management practices, reclamation strategies, and advanced technologies to mitigate the environmental impact of phosphorus production. The findings aim to inform measures to reduce pollution, enhance ecosystem restoration, and promote the long-term sustainability of the Karatau phosphate basin.