In Vitro Evaluation of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activities
Abstract
This research focuses on the role of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in bacterial adhesion and their cytotoxicity, particularly for medical applications. The study assesses the effectiveness of commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles in terms of their cytotoxic and antibacterial properties. Human skin fibroblast (A431) cell lines and Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cell lines were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, while Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to test antibacterial properties. The research also highlights the potential of nanoparticles to reduce bacterial adhesion when combined with a solvent on medical-grade Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets. Various methods, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, confocal microscopy, and microbial tests, were employed to analyze cytotoxic effects. The findings revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit significant cytotoxic activity, with a lethal dose (LD) 50 dose ranging from 50 to 100 μg/ml. In terms of antibacterial activity and bacterial adhesion, THF-TiO2/PVC sheets were more effective, showing better growth inhibition and adherence inhibition. A significant adhesion reduction up to 95% (P<0.0001) for E. coli and S. aureus was recorded with a set for PVC+THF +TiO2 at 10 µg/ml as compared to the control. The study concludes that TiO2 nanoparticles hold promise for future medical applications and warrant further investigation.