A Review on Spectroscopic Techniques for Analysis of Nanomaterials and Biomaterials
Abstract
Spectroscopy, the study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter, is a versatile and powerful analytical technique used in various scientific disciplines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of spectroscopy, covering its principles, instrumentation, techniques, applications, and recent advancements. Spectroscopy encompasses a wide range of methods, each offering unique insights into the structure, composition, dynamics, and properties of materials. At its core, spectroscopy relies on the measurement of the intensity and wavelength (or frequency) of electromagnetic radiation absorbed, emitted, or scattered by a sample. The interaction between light and matter can reveal valuable information about the chemical, physical, and electronic properties of substances, including molecular structure, electronic transitions, vibrational modes, and magnetic interactions. Thus, spectroscopy remains a cornerstone of scientific research and technological innovation, offering unmatched capabilities for understanding the properties and behavior of matter across the electromagnetic spectrum. Continued advancements in spectroscopic instrumentation, techniques, and applications promise to further enhance our ability to explore and exploit the mysteries of the universe at the molecular and atomic levels.